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Irmen culture : ウィキペディア英語版 | Irmen culture
Irmen culture is an indigenous Late Bronze Age culture of animal breeders in the steppe and forest steppe area of the Ob river middle course, north of Altai in western Siberia, dated to around the 9th to 8th centuries BCE. Monuments of this advanced bronze-producing culture include numerous settlements and kurgan cemeteries, the culture was named after Irmen kurgan cemetery now flooded by Novosibirsk reservoir.〔''Irmen culture''. Archaeology and Ethnography Institute, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences http://www.sati.archaeology.nsc.ru/encyc_p/term.html?act=list&term=766 (''In Russian'')〕 Irmen culture was discovered and described by N.L.Chlenova in 1970.〔Chlenova N.L., ''Dating of Irmen culture''//Chronology and cultural affiliation problems of archaeological sites in Western Siberia, Tomsk, 1970, pp. 133-149 (''In Russian'')〕 Irmen culture period is noted for migrationary waves in two directions, in the beginning of 1st millennium BCE from south from the Karasuk culture, and later in the 1st millennium BCE of northern tribes notable for their cross-decorated ceramics. Migrations raised military tensions, noted in emergence of first fortified settlements with moats and ramparts.〔(''Irmen culture'' )〕 ==Economy== The mainstay of the Irmen economy was extensive animal husbandry. Stationary houses of Irmen people were large, sometimes exceeding . Villages had several such large dwellings. Next to houses were found large deposits of ash.〔(''Irmen culture'' )〕
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